Dubois county was established in 1818 from Orange, Pike and Perry counties. Dubois takes its name from Toussaint Dubois who was a Frenchman who fought in the Revolutionary War, the Battle of Tippecanoe, and the War of 1812. Its population in 2020 was 43,637. Jasper was named the county seat in 1830.
All county records prior to August 1839 were destroyed in a fire in the records library.